European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026 · 系統性回顧＋統合分析（依標題推測）
The vertebral artery loops: a systematic review and meta-analysis
頸椎 · 頸椎神經根病變
中文閱讀摘要
系統性回顧與統合分析顯示椎動脈迴圈盛行率約1-2%，異質性大，影像學見骨質異常應術前執行CTA/MRA以調整手術路徑。
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原始摘要
Purpose
Vertebral artery loops (VALs) are focal deviations of the vertebral artery course that may produce pulsatile nerve-root compression and substantially increase the risk of iatrogenic vascular injury during cervical spine procedures. Although individually uncommon, they are a recognised "hidden danger" whose recognition changes preoperative planning. We aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of VALs, to explain the wide variation in reported figures, and to translate these data into a practical framework for preoperative decision-making in cervical spine surgery.
Methods
A PRISMA-guided systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar identified 58 publications for qualitative synthesis. Ten primary studies reporting the number of examined vertebral arteries (VAs) and identified loops were pooled in a meta-analysis of proportions. A DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model was applied to raw proportions; a Freeman-Tukey double arcsine (DAS) transformation was used as a variance-stabilising sensitivity analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran's Q and I², and explored with a pre-specified subgroup analysis by study methodology (radiological imaging cohorts vs. anatomical/morphometric series).
Results
Ten studies comprising 7,475 VAs and 126 loops were pooled. The random-effects prevalence of VALs was 1.71% (95% CI 0.87%-2.55%), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 93.4%; Q = 136.9; p < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis showed that this heterogeneity is largely methodological: radiological imaging cohorts pooled at 1.09% (95% CI 0.60%-1.58%; I² = 82%), whereas the two small anatomical/morphometric series - which were also the two statistical outliers - pooled at approximately 39%. After removing these two studies, the raw-proportion (1.09%) and Freeman-Tukey (1.19%) estimates converged, confirming a robust prevalence of roughly 1-2% in unselected radiological populations. Clinically relevant loops were most often located in the V2 segment at mid-cervical levels (C4-C6); medial loops were associated with vertebral body scalloping and enlargement of the foramen transversarium, and lateral/foraminal loops with cervical radiculopathy.
Conclusion
VALs are uncommon but disproportionately dangerous. The pooled prevalence is best understood not as a population statistic but as a baseline pre-test probability that indirect osseous signs sharply raise. When vertebral body scalloping, an enlarged foramen transversarium, or anomalous (non-C6) entry is seen - or when complex anterior decompression or craniovertebral instrumentation is planned - preoperative CTA/MRA and a deliberate modification of the operative corridor are warranted.
至 Europe PMC 閱讀完整來源 ↗ · 擷取日期 2026-10-19
書目、來源與全文狀態
- DOI
- 10.1007/s00586-026-10221-x
- PMID／PMCID
- 42489701
- 作者
- Albu AC, Rusu MC
- 首次發表日期
- 2026-07-23Europe PMC 提供，部分日期可能依年份或月份推定。
- 卷／期／頁碼或文章編號
- 35 ／ 9 ／ 5252-5262
- 書目來源與查核日期
- Europe PMC · 2026-10-19僅核對書目欄位與來源連結；不代表已評讀研究品質。
- 全文與授權
- 來源尚未確認免費全文。 來源授權標示：cc by。
可回溯引用
Albu AC, Rusu MC. The vertebral artery loops: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. 2026;35(9):5252-5262. PMID: 42489701. doi:10.1007/s00586-026-10221-x
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