Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026 · 系統性回顧（依標題推測）

Key Factors Impacting Performance Health During Growth and Maturation in Adolescent Competitive Aesthetic and Acrobatic Athletes: A Systematic Review

傷害流行病學・預防・篩檢 · 青少年運動員照護

中文閱讀摘要

系統性回顧指出，青少年體操與舞蹈運動員之骨健康、傷病及表現受生長、營養與訓練交互影響，且結果因性別與發育階段而異。

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原始摘要

Background

Aesthetic and acrobatic sports place high physical demands on youth athletes during critical periods of growth and maturation. These sports often involve intense training loads from an early age, which can influence physical development, injury risk, long-term health outcomes and performance.

Objectives

The objectives were (1) to conduct a systematic review addressing key factors impacting performance health during growth and maturation in aesthetic and acrobatic high-performance youth athletes and (2) to investigate current methods for evaluating growth and maturation in this athletic population.

Design

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.

Methods

The protocol was registered on the PROSPERO International prospective register (CRD42021261883). The electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and PsycINFO were searched for relevant studies up to 27 September 2025. Inclusion criteria were any sub-elite and elite athletes in aesthetic and acrobatic sports 18 years or under, a quantitative measurement of maturation and/or growth status/process in reference to the athlete's health outcome. Two independent authors screened search results, performed data extraction and assessed risk of bias using the quality assessment tool developed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in collaboration with the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) international.

Results

The results were reported on the basis of identifying 5 common themes amongst 65 studies and involving a total of 7782 participants; bone health; injury, illness and pain as outcomes; and anthropometric, biomechanical and training and performance as associated factors. Nutrition was also identified as a common interacting factor across themes. Growth and maturation measures and methods varied across studies. The review found that gymnastics training positively impacts bone health in prepubertal athletes, particularly in weight-bearing sites, although the risk of bone health injury increases around puberty possibly owing to later menarche, lower bone age and nutritional deficiencies. Dance studies show mixed results on bone health outcomes. Anthropometric and biomechanical factors including shorter stature, hypermobility and scoliosis and flexibility-strength imbalances may influence injury risk in association with being prepubescent. Later menarche, inadequate energy intake and discipline-specific bone development may contribute to tendon injuries, bone stress and overuse injuries in post-pubertal aesthetic and acrobatic athletes. Regular pre-pubertal gymnastics supports superior balance development. Training intensity can influence psychological stress and illness, particularly pre menarche, and male athletes respond differently to training than females during growth and maturation. Energy availability, along with psychological and behavioural factors may further affect injury, illness and performance outcomes.

Conclusions

The factors contributing to performance health in aesthetic and acrobatic athletes during growth and maturation are inter-related and include anthropometric, biomechanical, training and nutrition. Earlier identification and appropriate timely prevention strategies are essential for performance health in aesthetic and acrobatic athletes.

至 Europe PMC 閱讀完整來源 ↗ · 擷取日期 2026-10-19

書目、來源與全文狀態

DOI: 10.1007/s40279-026-02416-5
PMID／PMCID: 41893970 / PMC13388506
作者: Fitch AS, Mara J, Lord F, Waddington G
首次發表日期: 2026-03-27Europe PMC 提供，部分日期可能依年份或月份推定。
卷／期／頁碼或文章編號: 56 ／ 7 ／ 1701-1721
書目來源與查核日期: Europe PMC · 2026-10-19僅核對書目欄位與來源連結；不代表已評讀研究品質。
全文與授權: 來源列有免費全文（查核 2026-10-19），未逐篇測試 PDF 下載。來源授權標示：cc by。

可回溯引用

Fitch AS, Mara J, Lord F, Waddington G. Key Factors Impacting Performance Health During Growth and Maturation in Adolescent Competitive Aesthetic and Acrobatic Athletes: A Systematic Review. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.). 2026;56(7):1701-1721. PMID: 41893970. PMCID: PMC13388506. doi:10.1007/s40279-026-02416-5

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