Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2026 · 敘述性回顧（依標題推測）
A Review of Research on Throwing Biomechanics, Upper Extremity Injuries, and Treatment of Throwing Injuries in Professional Baseball and Football.
肩 · 過頂運動員肩傷
中文閱讀摘要
敘事性回顧比較棒球與美式足球投擲生物力學，發現棒球投手肘肩傷患較多，四分衛則以創傷性傷患為主，治療含物理治療及UCL重建。
AI 依來源摘要整理，未經人工逐篇核對。閱讀結論前，請回溯研究族群、方法與限制。
原始摘要
Background
Throwing is a fundamental skill in many sports that requires intricate biomechanical coordination to achieve maximum performance and minimize injury. Baseball pitchers and football quarterbacks have distinct throwing motions that involve unique demands on the upper extremity, which ultimately contribute to injury, especially in cases of overuse.
Purpose
To compare the throwing biomechanics, incidence, and types of injuries sustained and their respective treatments between baseball pitchers and football quarterbacks.
Study design
Narrative review.
Methods
Comprehensive literature review examining biomechanical differences between baseball pitching and football quarterback throwing motions, analyzing injury patterns and prevalence in both sports, and evaluating current treatment approaches for throwing-related upper extremity injuries. Multiple databases (Google Scholar and PubMed) were queried for peer-reviewed publications related to baseball/football throwing biomechanics (biomechanics, kinematics, kinetics, electromyography, throwing phases, arm slot, external rotation, varus torque, kinetic chain), injury entities (ulnar collateral ligament [UCL], rotator cuff, superior labrum anterior-posterior/labral, acromioclavicular joint, biceps tendinopathy, ulnar neuritis, posteromedial impingement, flexor-pronator, latissimus dorsi/teres major), and management (rehabilitation/physical therapy, arthroscopy, UCL reconstruction/repair/internal brace, return to play); pediatric/adolescent studies and nonoverhand sports were excluded. Studies were screened for inclusion by 2 reviewers and synthesized qualitatively due to heterogeneity.
Results
Significant differences in timing, velocity, and arm angles were observed between baseball and football throwing motions, which affected injury prevalence and nature. Baseball pitchers demonstrated higher rates of both elbow and shoulder injuries compared to football quarterbacks, with elbow injuries being particularly prevalent due to the high volume of repetitive throwing motions. Treatment options ranged from nonoperative approaches, including physical therapy, to operative interventions such as UCL reconstruction.
Conclusion
The biomechanics of throwing in baseball and football differ significantly, leading to distinct injury patterns between sports. Baseball pitchers experience more shoulder and elbow injuries due to repetitive high-velocity throwing, while quarterbacks typically sustain trauma-related injuries rather than overuse injuries.
至 Europe PMC 閱讀完整來源 ↗ · 擷取日期 2026-10-19
書目、來源與全文狀態
- DOI
- 10.1177/23259671251407244
- PMID／PMCID
- 41613525 / PMC12847675
- 作者
- Tewari K, Sun B, Sridharan M, Olson T, Streeter S, Walker P, Hame S, Petrigliano F
- 首次發表日期
- 2026-01-27Europe PMC 提供，部分日期可能依年份或月份推定。
- 卷／期／頁碼或文章編號
- 14 ／ 1 ／ 23259671251407244
- 書目來源與查核日期
- Europe PMC · 2026-10-19僅核對書目欄位與來源連結；不代表已評讀研究品質。
- 全文與授權
- 來源列有免費全文（查核 2026-10-19），未逐篇測試 PDF 下載。 來源授權標示：cc by。
可回溯引用
Tewari K, Sun B, Sridharan M, Olson T, Streeter S, Walker P, Hame S, Petrigliano F. A Review of Research on Throwing Biomechanics, Upper Extremity Injuries, and Treatment of Throwing Injuries in Professional Baseball and Football. Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine. 2026;14(1):23259671251407244. PMID: 41613525. PMCID: PMC12847675. doi:10.1177/23259671251407244
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