Frontiers in physiology · 2026 · 系統性回顧＋統合分析（依標題推測）

Effects of respiratory muscle training on swimming performance, respiratory muscle function, and pulmonary function of competitive swimmers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

心血管・呼吸・內科 · 呼吸肌訓練

中文閱讀摘要

統合分析顯示呼吸肌訓練提升競速游泳者吸氣壓力、部分肺功能及有氧表現，但對短距離成績無顯著影響，且異質性高。

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原始摘要

Background

Competitive swimming imposes unique physiological demands on the respiratory system. While respiratory muscle training (RMT) is proposed to optimize respiratory function and athletic performance, its efficacy in competitive swimmers remains inconsistent.

Objectives

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of RMT on respiratory muscle function, pulmonary function, and swimming performance in competitive swimmers.

Methods

Eight databases were searched from inception to 26 September 2025. Inclusion criteria were: (1) RMT interventions (inspiratory, expiratory, or combined) lasting ≥4 weeks; (2) participants were elite or high-level competitive swimmers; (3) control groups received sham RMT or standard training; and (4) outcomes included swimming performance, respiratory muscle strength, or pulmonary function. Methodological quality was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2.0 and the GRADE framework.

Results

A total of 14 studies involving 375 competitive swimmers were included. The meta-analysis indicated that RMT significantly improved maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) (SMD = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.29 to 1.01, p = 0.001) and certain dynamic pulmonary function parameters (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1], SMD = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.72, p = 0.001; forced inspiratory volume in the 1st second [FIV1], SMD = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.79, p = 0.03), as well as aerobic swimming performance (SMD = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.03 to 2.00, p = 0.04). In contrast, RMT did not significantly improve maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) (SMD = 0.16, 95% CI: -0.14 to 0.46, p = 0.30), other pulmonary function outcomes (forced vital capacity [FVC], maximal voluntary ventilation [MVV]), or sprint and middle-distance swimming performance (50 m, 100 m, and 200 m freestyle times, p > 0.05).

Conclusion

RMT effectively enhances respiratory muscle strength and dynamic lung function in competitive swimmers across diverse levels, particularly with combined RMT demonstrating superior efficacy over IMT alone. Regarding athletic outcomes, RMT shows limited efficacy in enhancing short-distance swimming performance, while it exerts a significant positive impact on aerobic performance; however, its potential benefits require cautious interpretation due to high inter-study heterogeneity. This study offers updated insights into RMT's role in aquatic conditioning, emphasizing the need for future load-matched trials to isolate its independent effects.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024503624, identifier CRD42024503624.

至 Europe PMC 閱讀完整來源 ↗ · 擷取日期 2026-10-19

書目、來源與全文狀態

DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2026.1770925
PMID／PMCID: 41940023 / PMC13046513
作者: Chen Y, Yi Q, Meng K, Tao K, Qin S, Yue Y, Bao D, Jiang G
首次發表日期: 2026-03-20Europe PMC 提供，部分日期可能依年份或月份推定。
卷／期／頁碼或文章編號: 17 ／期未提供／ 1770925
書目來源與查核日期: Europe PMC · 2026-10-19僅核對書目欄位與來源連結；不代表已評讀研究品質。
全文與授權: 來源列有免費全文（查核 2026-10-19），未逐篇測試 PDF 下載。來源授權標示：cc by。

可回溯引用

Chen Y, Yi Q, Meng K, Tao K, Qin S, Yue Y, Bao D, Jiang G. Effects of respiratory muscle training on swimming performance, respiratory muscle function, and pulmonary function of competitive swimmers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in physiology. 2026;17:1770925. PMID: 41940023. PMCID: PMC13046513. doi:10.3389/fphys.2026.1770925

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