Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026 · 系統性回顧＋統合分析（依標題推測）

Immersive motor–cognitive virtual reality training for cognitive frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

高齡・肌少・骨骼健康 · 衰弱症

中文閱讀摘要

統合分析顯示沉浸式VR或改善認知衰弱者的認知與衰弱程度，但試驗數少且系統異質，證據有限。

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原始摘要

Background

Cognitive frailty-defined as the coexistence of physical frailty and mild cognitive impairment without dementia-has gained attention as a potentially reversible condition linked to functional decline, disability, and future dementia. Traditional motor-cognitive or physical training programs can be beneficial, yet they often suffer from low engagement and limited ecological relevance. Immersive virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising alternative because it provides interactive, multisensory environments capable of simultaneously stimulating cognitive and motor processes. Although several trials have evaluated VR in older adults with cognitive frailty, the overall effect remains uncertain. Recent meta-analyses have generally been broad in scope, combining heterogeneous populations or non-immersive VR systems, and no review has specifically focused on immersive motor-cognitive VR in individuals formally diagnosed with cognitive frailty.

Objective

To evaluate whether immersive motor-cognitive VR improves global cognition and physical frailty in adults with cognitive frailty.

Methods

Five databases were searched through March 09, 2026, for randomized controlled trials using immersive or semi-immersive motor-cognitive VR in adults diagnosed with cognitive frailty. Global cognition was the primary outcome and physical frailty the secondary. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using SMDs or MDs with 95% CIs. Risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane criteria, and certainty of evidence with GRADE.

Results

Three randomized controlled trials ( n = 344) comparing VR-based interventions with non-VR control conditions demonstrated a significant improvement in global cognitive function (SMD = 0.50; 95% CI 0.14-0.85; I 2 = 39%). Two trials ( n = 278) that used whole-body VR reported reductions in frailty severity (MD = -0.26; 95% CI -0.47 to -0.04; I 2 = 0%).

Conclusion

Immersive motor-cognitive VR may improve both cognitive function and frailty severity in adults with cognitive frailty. Evidence remains limited by the small number of trials and variation in VR systems and intervention protocols. Larger, high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Systematic trial registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251234169, PROSPERO database CRD420251234169.

至 Europe PMC 閱讀完整來源 ↗ · 擷取日期 2026-10-19

書目、來源與全文狀態

DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2026.1754944
PMID／PMCID: 42022920 / PMC13095833
作者: Pan S, Zheng B, Zhang F, Lin L
首次發表日期: 2026-04-07Europe PMC 提供，部分日期可能依年份或月份推定。
卷／期／頁碼或文章編號: 8 ／期未提供／ 1754944
書目來源與查核日期: Europe PMC · 2026-10-19僅核對書目欄位與來源連結；不代表已評讀研究品質。
全文與授權: 來源列有免費全文（查核 2026-10-19），未逐篇測試 PDF 下載。來源授權標示：cc by。

可回溯引用

Pan S, Zheng B, Zhang F, Lin L. Immersive motor–cognitive virtual reality training for cognitive frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in sports and active living. 2026;8:1754944. PMID: 42022920. PMCID: PMC13095833. doi:10.3389/fspor.2026.1754944

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