Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026 · 系統性回顧＋統合分析（依標題推測）

Cross-training between running and cycling: effects on VO2max and running performance—a systematic review and meta-analysis

訓練方法與運動處方 · 耐力訓練

中文閱讀摘要

系統性回顧與統合分析顯示，跑步與自行車交叉訓練對VO2max及跑步表現無顯著差異，但證據有限且異質性高，尚無法支持兩者可互換。

AI 依來源摘要整理，未經人工逐篇核對。閱讀結論前，請回溯研究族群、方法與限制。

原始摘要

Background

Cross-training between running and cycling is widely used in endurance sports to maintain aerobic capacity while modulating sport-specific mechanical load. However, the extent to which physiological and performance adaptations transfer bidirectionally between these modalities remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the effects of running-only (run-only) and cycling-only (cyc-only) training interventions to evaluate cross-training transfer to sport-specific VO 2 max and running performance.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials with intervention durations of at least four weeks were included. Studies comparing run-only training with cyc-only or combined running-cycling interventions in trained or recreationally active individuals were eligible ( n = 7). Outcomes included VO 2 max assessed on the treadmill and cycle ergometer, as well as running performance in time trial (TT) (1 mile, 3,000 m, 5,000 m). Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to estimate pooled effects. Standardized mean differences (Hedges' g ) were calculated based on change scores (post-pre), and between-study heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q and the I 2 statistic. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the results.

Results

No statistically significant differences between run-only and cyc-only interventions were observed for any outcome. For treadmill-assessed VO 2 max, cyc-only interventions showed a small, non-significant trend favoring run-only training [Hedges' g = -0.32, 95% CI (-0.76, 0.13), p = 0.16]. For cycle ergometer-assessed VO 2 max, run-only training resulted in comparable adaptations to cyc-only training, with a small, non-significant trend favoring cycling [Hedges' g = -0.34, 95% CI (-0.79, 0.11), p = 0.14]. Running performance outcomes demonstrated no meaningful differences between interventions [Hedges' g = 0.02, 95% CI (-0.62, 0.66), p = 0.88]. Effect estimates varied across studies and outcomes, and all confidence intervals included the null effect, indicating substantial uncertainty regarding the direction of potential effects. The small magnitude of these effects suggests that they are unlikely to translate into meaningful practical differences between training modalities. Variability across studies may be related to differences in participant training status and training dose rather than exercise modality.

Conclusion

Current evidence does not indicate clear improvements or decrements in sport-specific VO 2 max or running performance following cross-training between running and cycling over short to moderate intervention periods. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the limited number of studies, methodological heterogeneity, the use of relatively old training protocols, and the presence of studies with some concerns or high risk of bias, as well as wide confidence intervals crossing zero. Accordingly, the available evidence does not support conclusions regarding the interchangeability of training modalities or the effectiveness of cross-training in maintaining sport-specific performance, but rather indicates that no clear between-group differences were detected.

至 Europe PMC 閱讀完整來源 ↗ · 擷取日期 2026-10-19

書目、來源與全文狀態

DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2026.1843803
PMID／PMCID: 42267259 / PMC13243379
作者: Menges T, Dindorf C, Dully J, Fröhlich M
首次發表日期: 2026-05-25Europe PMC 提供，部分日期可能依年份或月份推定。
卷／期／頁碼或文章編號: 8 ／期未提供／ 1843803
書目來源與查核日期: Europe PMC · 2026-10-19僅核對書目欄位與來源連結；不代表已評讀研究品質。
全文與授權: 來源列有免費全文（查核 2026-10-19），未逐篇測試 PDF 下載。來源授權標示：cc by。

可回溯引用

Menges T, Dindorf C, Dully J, Fröhlich M. Cross-training between running and cycling: effects on VO2max and running performance—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in sports and active living. 2026;8:1843803. PMID: 42267259. PMCID: PMC13243379. doi:10.3389/fspor.2026.1843803

原始文獻 ↗來源列出的免費全文 ↗

本站供教育與研究參考。單篇摘要、文體標籤與期刊影響係數不等於證據品質或個別病人的診療建議。